Kluwer: Inkless Justice? Enforcing E-Awards in GCC and MENA

Published on December 31, 2025

The arbitration landscape in the Gulf Cooperation Council (“GCC”) and wider Middle East and North Africa (“MENA”) region has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years. Among the changes implemented, the use of modern technology in arbitration has been particularly emphasised through the new rules allowing, among others, electronic signatures and electronic delivery of arbitral awards (“E-awards”).