Kluwer: Quantum on Autopilot: Pre-Agreed Valuation Formulas, Math-Specialized AI, and Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Arbitration

According to Queen Mary University’s 2025 International Arbitration Survey, 77% of respondents considered it “appropriate for arbitrators to use artificial intelligence (“AI”) to assist in calculating damages,” as this task is “primarily mathematical, requiring precision rather than discretionary judgment.”